去甲斑蝥素抑制黑色素瘤M14细胞增殖和诱导细胞凋亡的研究

Objective To investigate the effects of norcantharidin on the proliferation and apoptosis related proteins Bax and Bcl-2 of human melanoma M14 cells. Methods Melanoma M14 cell line cultured in vitro was treated with concentrations of 50, 100 and 500 μg / L norcantharidin respectively, and untreated cells were used as control. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 method after treatment for 24 h and 48 h. Morphology of cells was observed under inverted microscope. DAPI nuclear staining was used to observe the morphological changes of apoptosis under fluorescence microscope. The expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blot assay. Results CCK-8 results showed that concentrations of 100 and 500 μg/L norcantharidin inhibited the proliferation of melanoma M14 cells after treatment for 24 h and 48 h (P＜0.05), and the higher the concentration, the more significant the inhibitory effect. The cells showed irregular contours, nucleus shrinkage, small volume, and poor cell adhesion of apoptosis changes under inverted microscope and fluorescence microscope. Western blot analysis showed that the relative expression of Bcl-2 decreased gradually with the increased concentration of norcantharidin (P＜0.05), and the relative expression of Bax increased gradually (P＜0.05).Conclusion Norcantharidin can inhibit the proliferation of melanoma M14 cells, and its mechanism may be related to the promotion of apoptosis.     

Comparative analgesic efficacy of pregabalin administered according to either a prevention protocol or an intervention protocol in rats with cisplatin‐induced peripheral neuropathy

Chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a type of peripheral neuropathic pain that may be dose‐limiting in patients administered potentially curative cancer chemotherapy dosing regimens. In cancer survivors, persistent CIPN adversely affects patient quality of life and so adjuvant drugs (anticonvulsants eg pregabalin or antidepressants eg amitriptyline) are recommended for the relief of CIPN. However, most studies in rodent models of CIPN involve administration of single bolus doses of adjuvant drugs to assess pain‐relieving efficacy. Hence this study was designed to assess the efficacy of pregabalin administered to CIPN‐rats according to either a prevention or an intervention protocol. Groups of male Sprague‐Dawley rats received four single intraperitoneal bolus doses of cisplatin at 3 mg/kg at once‐weekly intervals to induce CIPN. For the prevention protocol, oral pregabalin (or vehicle) was administered to CIPN‐rats once‐daily for 21 consecutive days from day 0 to day 20 inclusive. For the intervention protocol, oral pregabalin was administered once‐daily for 21 consecutive days from day 28 to day 48, inclusive. Mechanical allodynia and mechanical hyperalgesia in the bilateral hindpaws were assessed just prior to each dose of cisplatin and at least once weekly until study completion (day 27, prevention protocol; or day 48, intervention protocol). Mechanical allodynia and mechanical hyperalgesia were also determined at the time of peak effect at about 2 hours post pregabalin/vehicle administration, once weekly until study completion. For the prevention protocol in CIPN‐rats, pregabalin alleviated mechanical hyperalgesia but not mechanical allodynia. For the intervention protocol, pregabalin alleviated both mechanical allodynia and mechanical hyperalgesia in the hindpaws.     

Do antibacterial and antifungal combinations have better activity against clinically relevant fusarium species? in vitro synergism

The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of 20 clinical isolates of Fusarium spp. to classic antifungals [amphotericin B (AmB), itraconazole (ITR), voriconazole (VRC) and caspofungin (CAS)] and to non-antifungal agents [amiodarone (AMD), doxycycline (DOX) and moxifloxacin (MFX)] by the broth microdilution method. Combinations between these antifungal and non-antifungal agents were also evaluated to determine the fractional inhibitory concentration indices using the chequerboard technique. Synergistic interactions were observed for the following combinations (% synergism): AMD?+?VRC, 80%; MFX?+?AmB, 75%; AMD?+?AmB, 65%; DOX?+?VRC, 60%; MFX?+?VRC, 55%; DOX?+?AmB, 50%; and AMD?+?CAS, 30%. Synergism was not observed for associations with ITR. Antagonism was not seen in any combination. These findings suggest that the combinations of AMD, DOX or MFX with AmB or VRC to have potential for future in vivo investigations.     

抗肿瘤药物不良反应信息评价与分析

目的:评价药物不良反应(ADR)报告质量,分析抗肿瘤药物使用中发生ADR患者临床资料,为指导临床合理用药提供参考。方法:收集某院2015年1月1日-12月31日上报的住院患者ADR报告,收集2014年、2015年住院患者使用抗肿瘤药发生ADR肿瘤患者病历资料。符合纳入标准的ADR报告,按患者性别、药品种类、给药途径、ADR类型进行回顾性分析。对2014年、2015年住院患者使用抗肿瘤药发生ADR病历资料进行危险因素分析。结果:2015年合格ADR报告共1 053份,男487例(46.25%)、女566例(53.75%);药品种类涉及20类,排名前5位的分别是心血管系统药、抗微生物药、电解质酸碱平衡及营养药、抗肿瘤用药、诊断用药;静脉滴注给药引发ADR例数最多,共529例(50.24%);新的ADR有30例(2.80%),严重ADR有90例(8.39%)。2014年和2015年抗肿瘤药合格ADR报告186例,严重ADR有25例(13.44%)。ADR主要临床表现为恶心呕吐、骨髓抑制等。抗肿瘤药致ADR发生的单因素分析影响因素共有3个指标,分别是:中性粒细胞数、血小板数、谷草转氨酶量;抗肿瘤药致ADR发生的多因素分析危险因素共有2个指标,分别是:中性粒细胞数的降低和血小板数的减少。结论:医疗机构需重视ADR监测、加强上报ADR报告质量管理;临床观察用药过程中患者的临床表现、临床指标、抗肿瘤药检测危险因素,以便及时得到预警信息,为合理指导用药,保障用药安全服务。     

2012～2017年我州土家族及汉族患者药品不良反应分析

摘 要 目的：探讨恩施地区药品不良反应发生特点及土家族与汉族发生抗菌药物不良反应（ADR）的差异。方法：选取2012年1月～2017年7月恩施地区上报的ADR报告,从患者一般情况、ADR严重程度及发生时间、β 内酰胺类ADR、给药途径及ADR转归等方面,比较土家族及汉族患者发生的ADR的差异。结果：土家族与汉族患者发生的ADR,在β 内酰胺类尤其是头孢菌素类药物所致ADR分布、口服与静脉滴注用药分布,以及ADR转归情况等方面的差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。两者发生ADR严重程度无差异（P﹥0.05）。结论：ADR的发生存在种族差异,少数民族地区在使用抗菌药物及给药途径方面应关注民族差异,减少ADR发生。     

基于抗菌药物分级管理的我院抗菌药物医嘱评价

摘 要 目的：明确我院三级抗菌药物（非限制使用级、限制使用级、特殊使用级）不合理使用情况的特点及差异,为临床规范使用抗菌药物提供理论依据。 方法：对我院736份出院病历的1 228条抗菌药物医嘱逐条进行合理性点评,并对三级抗菌药物医嘱不合理使用率、分布特点、类型进行比较。 结果：我院三级抗菌药物不合理使用率差异不全相同,以限制使用级为最高（25.0%）,特殊使用级最低（9.8%）,两者比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。以头孢菌素为主的β内酰胺类抗菌药物的不合理医嘱最多。三级抗菌药物不合理用药类型差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。“抗菌药物用法用量不适宜”、“围手术期预防性使用抗菌药物不合理”为非限制使用级及限制使用级抗菌药物的主要不合理医嘱构成。而“遴选抗菌药物不适宜”则为特殊使用级抗菌药物的主要不合理医嘱构成。结论：我院抗菌药物不合理使用情况较普遍。医院需针对各级抗菌药物使用中存在的主要问题加强抗菌药物的管理。     

氨溴索伍用抗菌药物顺序与抗菌疗效的文献分析

摘 要本文综述了氨溴索药动学、药效学特点以及氨溴索与抗菌药物相互作用的文献,对氨溴索与抗菌药物的使用顺序进行了分析探讨。氨溴索与抗菌药物联合使用可提高抗菌药物在肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中的浓度;氨溴索对病原菌生物膜（BF）具有抑制和破坏作用,且氨溴索对BF的作用具有剂量依赖性,大剂量氨溴索安全性良好。临床上先应用氨溴索,再使用抗菌药物,可有利于提高抗菌药物在肺组织中的浓度,有利于抗菌药物进入病原菌BF内部,从而增强抗菌效果。针对氨溴索药品说明书,建议进一步修改和完善：①在药品说明书相关项下明确氨溴索与抗菌药物的用药顺序;②在说明书中增加氨溴索在不同适应症下的用药剂量;③明确大剂量氨溴索临床使用的安全性和有效性。     

综合康复疗法联合解郁安神颗粒干预对产后抑郁的疗效分析

目的 观察综合康复疗法联合解郁安神颗粒干预对产后抑郁的疗效以及对血清中瘦素水平的影响.方法 选择110例产后抑郁产妇为研究对象,根据住院号单双数分为对照组与综合组,其中对照组给予包括心理干预和放松训练的综合康复疗法,综合组在对照组基础上服用解郁安神颗粒治疗,两组连续治疗8周.比较治疗前、后两组汉密尔顿抑郁量表-17(HAMD-17)评分、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)评分、爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)评分及抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分.检测并比较两组血清瘦素水平.结果 治疗后,综合组HAMD量表各因子评分[焦虑(2.97±0.33)分、昼夜(0.68±0.09)分、睡眠障碍(2.21±0.24)分、体质量(0.20±0.04)分、绝望感(2.09±0.23)分、认知障碍(6.17±0.08)分、阻滞(4.68±0.07)分]明显低于对照组[焦虑(4.12±0.62)分、昼夜(1.17±0.15)分、睡眠障碍(3.61±0.43)分、体重(0.71±0.09)分、绝望感(3.88±0.46)分、认知障碍(8.15±1.02)分、阻滞(7.30±0.09)分](P<0.01).治疗4周和8周后,综合组患者的PSQI[(7.52±0.09)分、(5.99±0.07)分]、EPDS[(13.32±1.66)分、(11.77±1.37)分]及SDS[(54.88±6.27)分、(43.30±4.86)分]评分显著少于对照组同期(P<0.01).治疗后4周和8周,综合组患者血清中瘦素水平[(361.34±38.26)pg·mL-1、(291.63±32.08)pg-1]显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 综合康复疗法联合解郁安神颗粒干预对产后抑郁的疗效显著,抑制患者血清中瘦素水平可能与其治疗效果有关.